#496: What Plato's Republic Has to Say About Being a Man

Heroic Ideals

The ancient Greek ideals of manliness, exemplified by warriors like Achilles, were deeply rooted in the pursuit of glory and honor. Jacob Howland explains that this heroic manliness was driven by a fear of shame and disrepute, as seen in the actions of characters like Hector in the Iliad 1. However, this pursuit often led to destructive outcomes for both individuals and city-states, as illustrated by Achilles' quest for glory, which ultimately resulted in chaos for the Greeks 2.

The deeper, darker side is what does the longing for glory and the fear of disrepute do to you?

--- Jacob Howland

This traditional view of manliness contrasts sharply with Socrates' redefined ideals, which focus on courage and justice rather than mere battlefield valor.

   

Socratic Manhood

Socrates redefined manliness by emphasizing the courage to pursue truth and justice, challenging the traditional Greek ideals of heroic courage. Jacob Howland highlights Socrates' belief that true courage involves doing what is right, regardless of public opinion or personal risk 3. This philosophical courage is exemplified in Socrates' own life, where he chose to stand by his convictions even when faced with execution.

The only thing you should care about is being the best human being you can.

--- Jacob Howland

Despite Socrates' efforts, he struggled to instill these values in others, such as Glaucon, who remained influenced by societal ideals of power and glory 4.

   

Modern Masculinity

The intersection of ancient philosophical ideas with modern discussions on masculinity reveals ongoing challenges in defining what it means to be manly today. Jacob Howland argues that contemporary education often mirrors the abstract thinking criticized in Plato's Republic, failing to engage with the concrete desires of individuals 5. This disconnect highlights the relevance of Socratic ideals, which advocate for courage and justice in personal development.

You should care about justice. You should care about your soul being in the best condition possible.

--- Jacob Howland

In today's climate, where discussions of masculinity are often contentious, Socratic manhood offers a model for standing up for one's beliefs and seeking the good in life 6.