North America and Europe are grappling with the potential pitfalls of the hydrogen economy, mindful of past mistakes in solar and wind markets where they ceded manufacturing dominance to China. As the demand for electrolyzers grows, the question remains: can they build a robust manufacturing base domestically, or will they again rely on low-cost regions? Meanwhile, a notable shift is occurring in Europe with Chinese technology entering the market through local factories, raising questions about the future of European manufacturing in the hydrogen sector.