Concerns about AI's influence on society arise from the potential for machines to gain too much control, amplifying human biases and emotions. David emphasizes the need for public dialogue on intelligence, inference, and rationality, urging a deeper understanding of our cognitive biases and how AI can both exacerbate and alleviate these issues. Educating future generations about the interplay between human thinking and machine capabilities is crucial for creating a balanced and effective decision-making system.