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Published May 7, 2012

David Schmidtz on Rawls, Nozick, and Justice

David Schmidtz delves into the philosophical theories of John Rawls and Robert Nozick, analyzing their differing views on justice, moral responsibility, and the role of the state, while defending Nozick's libertarian ideas against societal claims on individuals.
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  • Veil of Ignorance

    explores John Rawls' concept of the Veil of Ignorance, a thought experiment designed to determine principles of justice without personal bias. This idea challenges individuals to envision a society where they are unaware of their own social status, talents, or personal circumstances, thus promoting fairness and impartiality 1. Schmidtz explains that this approach encourages decision-making that is not influenced by personal gain, akin to Adam Smith's impartial spectator 2.

    The point of the veil of ignorance is to say to people what you're supposed to be imagining is if you don't know who you are.

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    This concept has been a significant influence in philosophical discussions, prompting debates on how to achieve justice in society 3.

       

    Difference Principle

    Rawls' Difference Principle is another cornerstone of his theory, advocating for inequalities to be arranged to benefit the least advantaged in society. describes how Rawls envisions a society where the distribution of resources is not strictly equal but structured to improve the welfare of the worst-off 4. This principle suggests that a larger "pie" with unequal slices might be preferable if it results in better outcomes for everyone, including the least advantaged 5.

    Distribute inequalities so as to be to the greatest advantage of the least advantaged.

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    This idea has sparked extensive discussions on economic justice and the role of the state in ensuring fair distribution of wealth.

       

    Impact of Rawls

    The impact of John Rawls' work, particularly "A Theory of Justice," has been profound in both philosophy and the social sciences. notes that Rawls shifted philosophical focus from abstract theorizing to practical issues of justice and fairness 6. His ideas have influenced debates on global justice, prompting questions about the inclusion of disadvantaged groups worldwide in the justice equation 7.

    Rawls has been much more influential inside the academy, I think, by far, than any other philosopher in the 20th century.

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    This influence continues to shape discussions on how societies can address inequalities and ensure fair treatment for all.

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