Italian Unification Struggles

The Second Italian War of Independence marked a pivotal moment as Sardinia annexed Lombardy and various regions united briefly before being absorbed into the Kingdom of Sardinia. Garibaldi's daring expedition in the south led to the swift conquest of Sicily and Naples, further shaping Italy's future. Amidst widespread discontent, Sardinia's intervention in the papal states culminated in the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy, with Rome as its capital, despite ongoing territorial challenges.