Italian Unification Journey

The Italian campaign against Austria faced significant setbacks, yet the tides turned with Prussia's victory, leading to the annexation of Rome in 1870. Despite this unification milestone, the popes remained confined within the Vatican, refusing to acknowledge the new kingdom. It wasn't until 1929 that the Vatican City was established as an independent state, marking a complex chapter in Italy's unification story that has persisted through political turmoil and separatist movements.