Understanding Vacuums

The concept of a vacuum has evolved significantly since the 19th century, challenging the notion that light, once thought to require a medium like ether, can travel through empty space. Achieving a perfect vacuum remains impossible, as there are always residual gas molecules present. The strength of a vacuum is measured in various pressure units, with ultra high vacuums reaching astonishing levels that are crucial for particle physics experiments. Interestingly, the most powerful vacuums can be found in the vastness of outer space, far surpassing what can be created on Earth.