Philippine Annexation Controversy

The U.S. initially sought to intervene in Cuba but found itself in a conflict that led to the annexation of the Philippines after defeating Spain. Despite the Filipinos declaring independence, the U.S. pursued a policy of "benevolent assimilation," which faced significant opposition from figures like Mark Twain, who argued against subjugating a people seeking freedom. The ratification of the Treaty of Paris ignited further conflict, leading to the Philippine-American War.