Plague's Rapid Spread

The Mongol siege led to the catastrophic spread of the plague through infected sailors, with devastating consequences for cities like Florence, where 90% of the population perished. Theories suggest that the bacteria may have mutated or that a secondary pandemic, such as anthrax, compounded the devastation. Poor hygiene and living conditions of the time created an environment ripe for the disease, leaving communities grappling with an unprecedented mortality rate.