Vineland, Vikings, and Lactose Intolerance

Lactose Theory

The theory of lactose intolerance potentially explains the abrupt end of Norse settlements in North America. Gary Arndt discusses how the Norse might have traded dairy products with Native Americans, leading to severe digestive issues due to lactose intolerance. This misunderstanding could have resulted in violent conflicts, forcing the Norse to abandon their settlements.

The theory goes that the Norse either traded something like butter or cheese, or perhaps invited the natives to a meal where milk was served. They then suffered stomach cramps and were sick and thought they were being poisoned.

--- Gary Arndt

The Norse settlements were small and isolated, making them vulnerable to such conflicts 1.

   

Trade Issues

Trade between the Norse and Native Americans involved items like red cloth and milk, which could have led to significant misunderstandings. Arndt explains that the native population's lack of exposure to dairy products might have caused them to perceive the Norse as a threat. This cultural clash, combined with the Norse's limited numbers, likely contributed to their departure from North America.

The ultimate reason might have been their relations with the native population. One of the most popular theories, although there is very little evidence to support it, is that it may have had to do with what items were traded with the local inhabitants.

--- Gary Arndt

The Norse settlements' reliance on trade and their remote location further complicated their survival 1.