The Dead Sea

Elevation

The Dead Sea holds the title of the lowest point on Earth, with its surface currently sitting approximately 432 meters below sea level. This elevation is rapidly decreasing, dropping over a meter each year due to water diversion from the Jordan River, which feeds the sea 1. Gary Arndt explains that the Dead Sea is part of the Red Sea rift, formed by the separation of the African and Arabian tectonic plates 1. This geological feature contributes to the unique characteristics of the region.

The most widely accepted theory among geologists is that the Dead Sea is part of the Red Sea rift.

--- Gary Arndt

Despite the alarming drop in water levels, hydrologists predict the sea will eventually reach an equilibrium, stabilizing at around 550 meters below sea level 2.

   

Salinity

The Dead Sea is renowned for its extreme salinity, with water containing about 33.7% salt, making it one of the saltiest bodies of water on Earth 3. This high salinity results from the evaporation of water, leaving behind minerals and salts over thousands of years. Gary Arndt notes that while the Dead Sea is not the saltiest globally, its density allows for effortless floating, a unique experience for visitors 3.

A kilogram of water from the Dead Sea will consist of about 33.7% salt.

--- Gary Arndt

However, the high salt concentration can cause discomfort if it comes into contact with cuts or abrasions, and swimming is nearly impossible due to the buoyancy 2.