The human brain can be divided into the old and new parts, with the neocortex being a defining feature of mammals, particularly humans and primates. Occupying 70-75% of the brain's volume, the neocortex is responsible for high-level cognitive functions such as perception, language, and mathematics, while the older brain structures manage basic autonomic functions and emotions. Remarkably uniform in structure, the neocortex provides a fascinating area for study, revealing the intricate relationship between brain size and cognitive abilities across species.
