What is the dinorphin pathway?

The dynorphin pathway involves the release of an endogenous opioid called dynorphin, which binds to a specific receptor known as the kappa opioid receptor. This interaction is primarily associated with generating a dysphoric feeling during stressful or uncomfortable conditions like being in a hot sauna or intense exercise. Despite the initial discomfort, dynorphin plays a crucial role by sensitizing the mu opioid receptor to the feel-good endorphins that are also released in such stress-inducing situations. This process subsequently enhances the positive effects of endorphins, providing a counterbalance to the immediate discomfort by promoting a more sustained feeling of well-being afterwards.

Rhonda Patrick discusses this in the context of her personal experience with using sauna therapy, where she observed significant stress relief and reduced anxiety, hypothesizing that dynorphin and its interaction with opioid receptors played a role in these benefits 1 .