How does liquid sugar affect us?

Andrew Huberman discussed the effects of liquid sugar with Robert Lustig on the Huberman Lab. They highlighted a study showing that consuming liquid sugars led to increased insulin responses and impacted overall food intake. Specifically, liquid sugars like sucrose resulted in higher insulin levels. When participants consumed diet sweeteners in the morning, such as aspartame or sucralose, they tended to eat more at lunch and dinner, maintaining a higher insulin response throughout the day. This suggests that diet sweeteners, though calorie-free, might still cause adverse metabolic effects and increase food consumption 1.