What are androgenic steroids?

Androgenic steroids, also known as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), are synthetic derivatives of the hormone testosterone. They are designed to mimic the effects of testosterone in the body. The term "androgenic" refers to the enhancement of male characteristics, while "anabolic" refers to the building of muscle mass.

• Anabolic Effects: These include increased muscle mass and strength, enhanced recovery from exercise and injury, and increased bone density.
• Androgenic Effects: These involve the development and maintenance of masculine features such as facial hair, deep voice, and genital development.

Androgen receptors are proteins in the body that, when activated by testosterone or dihydrotestosterone (a more potent derivative of testosterone), can influence cellular processes including gene expression. Androgen receptors are found in many tissues, including muscle, bone, and reproductive organs, and play a critical role in both male and female bodies. Their activation by testosterone is essential for normal physiological functions but also contributes to the pharmacological effects seen with steroid use, such as muscle growth and reproductive changes.

The use of androgenic steroids is common in contexts where muscle growth is desired, including bodybuilding and athletics. However, misuse can lead to significant health risks, including cardiovascular issues, liver damage, hormonal imbalances, and behavioral changes [1 2 3].