Which are the reference values for each biomarker?

Here are the reference values for key health biomarkers based on the latest insights:

1. Blood Sugar Levels:

   • Fasting Glucose: Optimal levels are considered to be between 70 to 85 mg/dL. Levels under 100 mg/dL are traditionally deemed normal, but maintaining the lower optimal range is more indicative of good metabolic health 1 2.
   • Hemoglobin A1c: Should be less than 5.7% to avoid diabetes 3.
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       1

       Optimal Metabolic Health

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       2

       Understanding Metabolic Health

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       3

       Tracking Your Health

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       4

       Blood Markers Explained

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       5

       Optimal Health Indicators

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       6

       Key Health Biomarkers

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2. Inflammation Markers:

   • High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HSCRP): While not specified here, HSCRP levels under 1 mg/L typically indicate low cardiovascular risk; levels between 1-3 mg/L suggest moderate risk, and above 3 mg/L suggest high risk.

3. Lipid Profile:

   • Triglycerides: Less than 100 mg/dL is optimal, although under 150 mg/dL is commonly considered normal 4.
   • HDL Cholesterol: Greater than 40 mg/dL for men and 50 mg/dL for women 5.
   • LDL to HDL Ratio: Ideally, this should be 3-to-1 or less 4.

4. Thyroid Function:

   • TSH, Free T3, Free T4: Optimal ranges can vary, but generally, TSH is considered normal between 0.4-4.0 mIU/L. Full thyroid panels, including free T3 and T4, provide a more comprehensive view 6.

5. Nutrient Levels:

   • Vitamin D: Optimal levels are between 50-100 ng/mL 4.

6. Liver Enzymes:

   • ALT, AST, GGT: Should generally be between 10-26 U/L, though specific ranges can vary slightly based on lab standards 4.

7. Metabolic Health:

   • Waist Circumference: Should be less than 35 inches for women and 40 inches for men 1.
   • Blood Pressure: Optimal is less than 120/80 mmHg 3.

These values provide a general guideline. It's important to consult healthcare professionals for personalized analysis and to consider individual factors when interpreting these markers.