Personalist rule

In discussing Russia's geopolitical strategies, Stephen Kotkin explains that attempts to manage the country’s global influence and fulfill its perceived special mission have often led to what is referred to as "personalist rule." This form of governance prioritizes the consolidation of power in the hands of a single leader, which typically results in dictatorial or autocratic regimes. Kotkin argues that, while this strategy aims to bridge the gap between Russia and the West, it actually places Russia in a worse position by deepening or perpetuating existing geopolitical dilemmas. This approach to rule is described as a strategic choice by leaders like Stalin and Putin, rather than an inherent cultural inclination towards aggression 1.