How does Guanfacine treat ADHD?

Guanfacine is used to treat ADHD as a non-stimulant medication by targeting the noradrenergic system specifically. Rather than affecting dopamine levels, Guanfacine is an alpha-2A agonist that works by increasing norepinephrine and stimulating one particular aspect of the noradrenergic system, the alpha-2A receptors 1. This has the effect of enhancing prefrontal cortical networks—associated with executive function—and the efficacy of those networks along with output from the locus coeruleus, which coordinates brain responses. This can help children learn to focus and potentially reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity 2.

However, it's also important to note that Guanfacine may lower blood pressure and potentially cause some individuals to feel sleepy. Because it's not as commonly prescribed due to these potential side effects, it may only provide relief for about five to ten percent of individuals with ADHD 1. Additionally, there are cases where Guanfacine is prescribed in conjunction with other ADHD medications to manage the condition more effectively 2.

Andrew Huberman reiterates the importance of only using medications like Guanfacine under the supervision of a healthcare provider and that there are risks when taken without a prescription or when mixed with substances such as alcohol 2.