How do animals regulate temperature?

Animals regulate temperature through specialized neurons located in specific brain areas, such as the medial preoptic area. This area of the brain contains neurons responsible for various behaviors, including temperature regulation. For instance, stimulation of certain neurons in this area can lead to dramatic changes in body temperature. These neurons are part of a broader system that integrates signals related to metabolic and temperature control to maintain energy balance during different behaviors. The medial preoptic area also houses neurons associated with mating behaviors and aggression, supporting a complex interplay between thermal regulation and other survival behaviors. This intricate relationship between thermoregulation and behaviors like mating and aggression is still not fully understood and is of keen interest due to its implications for understanding biological and social behaviors 1 .