What is the role of cortex?

The cortex, specifically the cerebral cortex, is the highest level of the brain and is fundamentally involved in numerous high-level functions. It is essential for tasks that include suppressing inappropriate behaviors and initiating appropriate ones, processing complex thoughts, and decision-making. The cortex's role includes responding to "go" and "no-go" commands which are critical for motor learning, skill execution, and controlling impulses like not saying the wrong thing or sitting still when needed 1.

Additionally, the cortex is deeply interconnected with the basal ganglia, another brain area, showcasing a partnership essential for the cortex to carry out its functions effectively. The basal ganglia support the cortex in decision-making processes by helping evaluate the potential outcomes of actions and inhibit or encourage behavior based on this assessment 1.

Specific Functions of Different Cortical Areas

Prefrontal Cortex: This region is heavily linked with executive functions such as planning, decision making, and moderating social behavior. It helps in the regulation of complex cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions 2.

Visual Cortex: Serves as a foundational area for processing visual information. It essentially acts as a 'projection screen' where information from the eyes is sent and interpreted, allowing one to perceive and describe the visual world 3.

Anterior Mid Cingulate Cortex: Engaged in the regulation of tenacity and willpower, especially when dealing with challenging tasks or suppressing unwanted behaviors 4.

These complex functions of various parts of the cortex highlight its central role in integrating sensory information, executing complex cognitive tasks, and controlling behaviors in accordance with social norms and personal goals.