How does cold exposure affect dopamine?

Cold exposure significantly affects dopamine levels in the body. When individuals immerse themselves in cold water, typically up to their neck, it leads to a substantial increase in dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine (1). These increases can be quite dramatic, with dopamine levels rising to about 250% above baseline (1).

The effect is not only significant but also long-lasting. Even short exposures to very cold water (as cold as 45 degrees Fahrenheit) for as little as one minute can yield similar results (2). The boost in dopamine continues for hours after the exposure, translating to a persistent state of enhanced alertness and mood (3).

Moreover, this increase in dopamine from cold exposure does not carry the addictive risks associated with other dopamine-inducing activities like drug use. Instead, it is considered a healthier way to boost dopamine levels and can even aid in building mental resilience and focus (4).