How does Hebbian learning work?

Hebbian learning is a fundamental concept in neuroscience, described by the principle "neurons that fire together wire together." This form of synaptic plasticity involves the strengthening of connections between neurons that frequently activate simultaneously. Dr. Andrew Huberman explains that when particular neurons are co-activated, they tend to strengthen their synaptic connections. This process is mediated by molecular mechanisms involving NMDA receptors, which are critical for synaptic plasticity. NMDA receptors, located on the neuron's surface, typically don't contribute to neuron activity. However, strong stimuli can activate these receptors, leading to increased sensitivity of the neuron to future inputs, effectively lowering the threshold for neuron firing. This mechanism supports procedural memory, making it easier for habits to become more automatic as these neural pathways strengthen through repeated activation 1.