How did Napoleon centralize power?

Napoleon centralized power through several reforms that changed the fundamental nature of state administration and citizen-state relationships. These reforms included more effective tax collection, enhanced administrative efficiency, and increased accountability for citizens. Notably, he introduced the Napoleonic Code, which revolutionized legal systems by centralizing authority and standardizing legal frameworks across the territories he controlled 1.

Additionally, Napoleon aimed to increase the state’s role in economic development and industrialization, maintaining protective tariffs and championing state-supported economic strategies, as inspired by the economic theories of figures like Frederick List. This comprehensive approach helped consolidate his control and redefined governmental roles in society 1.