how does mariquana affect the brain long term

Long-term use of marijuana has several notable effects on the brain, based on the actions of THC and CBD on cannabinoid receptors, specifically CB1 receptors. These effects can vary significantly among individuals and depend on the type of cannabis used (e.g., sativa or indica) and its mode of consumption (1).

1. Reduction in Cognitive Functions: Cannabis can cause a reduction in cognitive abilities. Indica, for example, can suppress the hippocampus, leading to defects in short-term and potentially long-term memory (1).

2. Changes in Brain Receptor Dynamics: Prolonged marijuana use can lead to habituation or attenuation of the CB1 receptor functionality. Over time, users might require higher dosages or more frequent use to achieve the same effects initially experienced, a phenomenon that can also lead to increased anxiety rather than relieving it (2).

3. Mental Health Risks: Chronic use increases the risk of mental health issues like depression and psychosis, especially when used frequently or started at a young age. This risk is amplified in individuals with a genetic predisposition to conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. High THC concentrations are linked to a greater incidence of these serious mental health conditions (3).

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     Cannabis Effects Explained

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     2

     THC and Anxiety

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     Cannabis and Mental Health

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     4

     Cannabis and the Brain

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4. Neurological and Physical Impairment: General suppression of neural circuits within brain areas like the basal ganglia and cerebellum occurs regardless of the cannabis strain used, impacting motor functions and potentially leading to decreased physical mobility (4).

These effects highlight considerable risks associated with long-term cannabis use, especially concerning cognitive and psychiatric health.