What is small, dense LDL?

Small, dense LDL refers to a subclass of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles that are smaller and denser than typical LDL particles. These small, dense LDL particles are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. They tend to have a greater propensity to enter the arterial wall and are more prone to oxidation, which contributes to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

In contrast, larger and more buoyant LDL particles are thought to be less atherogenic and carry less risk for cardiovascular issues. The size and density of LDL particles can be influenced by various factors including diet, metabolic health, and inflammation. For instance, increased inflammation can cause larger LDL particles to become smaller and denser, indicating underlying health issues 1 2.

For complete cardiovascular risk assessment, it is beneficial to measure the size and concentration of these LDL particles rather than just total LDL cholesterol levels 3.