How do ketones improve energy levels?

Ketones improve energy levels by being an efficient fuel source that is preferred by the brain and heart over other substrates like glucose, especially under specific conditions like ischemic stroke or brain injury. The conversion of ketones to ATP (the cellular energy currency) happens with higher efficiency than glucose, resulting in reduced oxygen consumption and less oxidative stress. This process enhances the overall production of energy and reduced harm to cellular structures 1.

Furthermore, ketones directly supply energy to the brain, bypassing the fatigue markers that are engaged by stimulants like caffeine, which do not provide direct energy. This makes ketones particularly effective for providing sustained focus and energy without the side effects typically associated with stimulants 2.