What is the cannabinoid system?

The cannabinoid system, also known as the endocannabinoid system, comprises endogenous cannabinoids (e.g., anandamide and 2-AG), receptors (e.g., CB1 and CB2 receptors), and the biochemical machinery for their synthesis and degradation. It plays a vital role in regulating various physiological processes, including mood, appetite, pain, and memory.

CB1 receptors are primarily found in the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, while CB2 receptors are mostly located in the immune system and other peripheral organs. Endocannabinoids like anandamide (EAE) and 2-AG are released from neurons and interact with these receptors to modulate synaptic transmission, influencing the release of neurotransmitters 1 2 3 4.

Cannabis contains compounds such as THC and CBD that can also bind to these cannabinoid receptors. It is important to understand that THC and CBD act with a much greater potency than our endogenous cannabinoids, significantly impacting mood and perception when consumed 5. The effects of cannabis are not as nuanced as the delicate balance maintained by endogenous cannabinoids, and frequent consumption can lead to downregulation of cannabinoid receptors, potentially resulting in tolerance and negative changes in mood and cognition over time 6 7.