Monoamines
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Monoamines are neurotransmitters synthesized from amino acids, with key examples including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. These chemicals act as neuromodulators, meaning they adjust the activity of neural circuits in the brain and body. They can either amplify or decrease the activity of these circuits, affecting various bodily functions and behaviors 1 2.
discusses the monoamine hypothesis of depression, which posits that deficiencies in monoamines may lead to depression. Although there is little evidence supporting the hypothesis that all forms of depression stem from monoamine deficiencies, treatments that increase monoamine levels, such as SSRIs for serotonin, can provide symptom relief for some individuals. However, these treatments are effective in only about 40% of cases and often come with side effects 1.
In another context, notes that neurotransmitters like dopamine significantly influence states of happiness and motivation. While low dopamine levels are associated with reduced affect and depression, elevated dopamine levels can lead to increased motivation and possibly even euphoria, as seen in manic phases of bipolar disorder 2 3.
Overall, monoamines play crucial roles in regulating mood, motivation, and various physiological processes, though the exact mechanisms and their implications for mental health continue to be areas of active research.
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