Why did the age of Revolutions occur

The Age of Revolutions is characterized by a significant period of political and societal change, influenced by the dissemination of radical ideas and technological advancements. Key revolutions included those driven by new ideologies such as socialism, nationalism, and liberalism, which began with the French Revolution and extended to revolutions across Europe in 1848. These movements were facilitated by the spread of ideas through literature and the burgeoning communication technologies of the time, analogous to the internet today. This era saw a rise in revolutionary sentiments, which sometimes led to violent uprisings and early forms of terrorism, as nationalists and socialists sought to achieve reform and self-determination, often facing suppression by established states 1 .

Fareed Zakaria also noted that the Industrial Revolution significantly transformed societies by increasing productivity and elevating living standards, underlining this period's role in shaping modern society. Furthermore, the current revolutionary period sees a retreat towards more closed societies, influenced by global political dynamics, identity politics, and economic shifts 2 3 .