Is multitasking actually possible?

Multitasking is largely a myth according to several experts. The general consensus is that the human brain is incapable of truly multitasking; instead, it engages in rapid task switching, which has negative effects on productivity and cognitive performance.

1. Single-Task Limitation: Johann Hari explains that humans can only consciously focus on one or two things at a time. What appears to be multitasking is actually quick task-switching, which leads to more errors and reduced competence due to the "switch cost effect" 1 .

2. Task Switching: Jocko Willink and Rich Diviney discuss a study showing that nearly everyone performs worse when they try to multitask. They stress that the brain can only focus on one thing at a time, and any perceived multitasking is just quick shifting between tasks, which degrades performance 2 .

3. Attention Residue: Chris Bailey highlights a phenomenon called "attention residue," where switching between tasks leaves a part of our attention stuck on the previous task, making it difficult to fully engage in the current one. This hinders immersion and overall productivity 3 .

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     1

     The Switch Cost Effect

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     2

     The Multitasking Myth

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     3

     The Myth of Multitasking

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     4

     Multitasking Myth

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     5

     Embracing Multitasking

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4. Context Switching: Cal Newport elaborates on the concept of "attention residue" and explains that even quick checks of email or other messages while working can reduce cognitive function. This persistent state of reduced cognitive capacity is similar to constantly taking a "reverse nootropic" 4 .

While some suggest that a tiny fraction of people, known as "supertaskers," might handle multiple tasks effectively, this is rare. Most people are better off focusing on one task at a time to optimize performance and reduce stress 5 .