What is the Glial system?

The Glial system, also known as the glymphatic system, acts as a waste clearance system for the brain, similar to the lymphatic system in the rest of the body. It plays a crucial role in removing metabolic waste and other substances from the central nervous system, specifically the interstitial fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord cells. This system becomes particularly active during sleep, helping to clear away the debris that accumulates during waking hours, which is vital for maintaining healthy brain function and overall cognitive health. It has been discovered relatively recently and is considered essential for proper brain health, including the recovery from brain injuries and potentially psychological trauma as well 1.

Astrocytes, a type of glial cell, are integral to the functioning of the glymphatic system. They help bridge the gap between neurons (nerve cells) and the blood vessels, facilitating the removal of cellular debris and maintaining the environment necessary for neural activity. The glymphatic system involves a network of tunnels formed by glial cells, which manage the flow of cerebrospinal fluid through the brain's tissues. This system contributes significantly to the detoxification processes during deep sleep phases, known as slow-wave sleep 2 3.