Why did slavery decline?

The decline of slavery is a complex historical phenomenon that has been debated by historians for decades. Key explanations include:

1. Technological Advancements: Improvements in machinery reduced the economic necessity of slave labor. Slaves, viewed as "intelligent, autonomous workers," could be replaced by machines, which were more reliable and less prone to rebellion 1.

2. Industrialization: The shift from an agriculture-based economy to industrialization diminished the demand for slave labor. As industrialization grew, so did commodities that weren't reliant on slave labor, making slavery less vital to economic success 1.

3. Abolition Movements: Influential abolitionists like William Wilberforce and rising moral and ethical concerns about the institution of slavery fostered significant movements to end slavery. These movements gained traction and contributed to legislative and social changes 1.

4. Collapse of Colonial Orders: The decline of colonial empires also played a role, as colonies were significant users of slave labor. The collapsing colonial systems made slavery harder to maintain and justify 1.

These factors combined to create conditions where slavery became less economically viable and socially acceptable, leading to its decline over time.