What does being shallow mean?

Being shallow typically refers to focusing on superficial qualities or aspects, often at the expense of deeper, more meaningful traits or values. In the context of personality and work, shallow work is characterized by tasks and activities that are rather menial, low-effort, or do not require much cognitive engagement. This concept contrasts with deep work, which involves tasks that are cognitively demanding and create significant value.

For example, Cal Newport discusses shallow work in professional settings as activities that might keep someone from getting fired or maintain basic business operations but do not contribute considerably to significant progress or growth. Deep work, on the other hand, is highlighted as essential for achieving substantial advancements and success professionally 1.