Can ADHD medication cause psychosis?

Yes, ADHD medications, particularly stimulants like amphetamine (found in Adderall) and methylphenidate (found in Ritalin), can induce psychosis. The likelihood of experiencing psychotic episodes varies depending on the medication and individual predispositions.

1. Types of Medications and Risks:

   • Amphetamines (e.g., Adderall) have been shown to potentially induce psychosis, especially in individuals with a predisposition to psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. This risk remains even after ceasing the medication in some cases 1.
   • Methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin) also has the potential to induce psychosis, but the psychotic episodes often cease after stopping the medication. However, this is not guaranteed for everyone 2.

2. Predisposition Factors:

   • Having a first-degree relative with a history of psychotic episodes (e.g., schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) increases the risk of experiencing psychosis when taking these medications 2.

3. Dopamine and Norepinephrine:

   • These medications increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels, which help in reducing ADHD symptoms but can also elevate risks of euphoria, mania, and psychosis if these neurotransmitters are increased too much 3.
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       1

       Psychosis and ADHD Drugs

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       2

       ADHD Medication Insights

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       3

       ADHD Medications Explained

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For those considering ADHD medications, it is imperative to consult with a qualified psychiatrist who can appropriately assess risks, especially concerning any predisposition to psychosis.