Four kinds of knowing

Tim Ferriss and John Vervaeke discuss the "four kinds of knowing" in an episode of "The Tim Ferriss Show". Here are the four ways of knowing as described:

1. Propositional Knowing:

   • Vehicle: Understanding facts or truths.
   • Result: Develops beliefs.
   • Standard: Truth.
   • Memory Type: Semantic memory (e.g., knowing that cats are mammals).

2. Procedural Knowing:

   • Vehicle: Skills or actions.
   • Result: Develops skills.
   • Standard: Empowerment/skill application.
   • Memory Type: Procedural memory (e.g., knowing how to swim).

3. Perspective Knowing:

   • Vehicle: Context or situational awareness.
   • Result: Develops perspective.
   • Standard: Relevance to current context.
   • Memory Type: Largely unconscious awareness shaped by experiences (e.g., cultural norms during interactions).

4. Participatory Knowing:

   • Vehicle: Direct interaction and mutual influence.
   • Result: Develops deeper connection or mutual participation.
   • Standard: Connectedness with environment or others.
   • Memory Type: Utilizes multiple forms of memory, emphasizing embodiment and interaction.

Vervaeke also emphasizes that these types of knowing are interconnected and build upon each other to form a comprehensive understanding of reality and interaction with the environment 1 2.