What causes HPA Axis Dysfunction?

HPA Axis Dysfunction, also referred to as HPA axis dysregulation, can be triggered by a combination of high stress levels, poor sleep, and factors like fasting for prolonged periods. According to Sal Di Stefano, when an individual already close to a tipping point due to high stress and poor sleep opts to fast, this could lead to additional stress on the body, causing an imbalance in the HPA axis 1. This imbalance isn't just related to the adrenal glands but involves the complex interaction and timing of hormone production and regulation among the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands 2.