How do ketones provide energy?

Ketones provide energy by directly supplying it to the brain and other vital organs. Unlike stimulants such as caffeine, which merely block fatigue signals in the brain, ketones offer a direct energy source. This distinction is critical because while stimulants increase the brain's energy demand, they do not provide the energy themselves. Ketones, on the other hand, are burned as fuel by the brain 1.

Furthermore, ketones are particularly efficient in terms of energy production. They are metabolized by the mitochondria into ATP (which is the cellular energy currency), more efficiently than carbohydrates and fats. This efficient energy production occurs with less oxygen usage and reduced oxidative stress compared to other substrates 2.

Ketones are beneficial not just for providing energy but also in enhancing mental focus and reducing brain fatigue, without the side effects associated with many stimulants, like jitters or increased heart rate 1.