How does kratom affect the brain?

Kratom affects the brain in several ways due to it acting as an opioid. At low dosages, kratom has a mild stimulant effect. However, as the dosage increases, it produces analgesia (pain relief) and sedation by activating the mu-opioid receptor system, which triggers reinforcement circuitry in the brain that includes dopamine and serotonin. This mechanism is similar to other opioids like hydrocodone and morphine but with lower potency. Kratom binds preferentially to the mu-opioid receptor and to some extent to the kappa opioid receptor, leading to effects like euphoria and shifts in cognition.

Despite some advocating for kratom's use to avoid "worse" substances, Andrew Huberman states that regarding kratom as an opioid is the "honest truth" because blocking the mu-opioid receptor stops the effects of kratom. He cautions against kratom, particularly because of its addictive potential and risks associated with increased dosages, which can lead to addiction and respiratory suppression when combined with other substances or alcohol.

In conclusion, kratom acts similarly to other opioids, with potential for pain relief and euphoria at the risk of addiction and respiratory issues at higher doses. Therefore, Dr. Huberman strongly advises those who have never tried kratom to avoid it, while those using it, especially in higher doses, should be aware of its risks and consider discontinuation 1 2 3 4 5.