How does sunlight affect dopamine?

Sunlight plays a crucial role in regulating dopamine levels in the brain. According to Andrew Huberman, exposure to sunlight, especially early in the day, triggers the release of dopamine from different parts of the brain and the endocrine system. This release increases levels of genes related to thyroid hormone and enhances certain dopamine receptors, particularly dopamine receptor D4, which further elevates the effect of circulating dopamine on motivation, mood, and feelings of pursuit and craving in life 1.

Moreover, viewing morning sunlight also sets in motion a dopamine-related cascade of neuromodulators and hormones that lead to states of well-being, elevated mood, and alertness 2. The skin, being an endocrine organ, contributes to this process as well when exposed to sunlight, and this can indirectly increase testosterone and estrogen levels, thereby affecting reproductive behavior and feelings of well-being associated with dopamine and serotonin activity 3.

Additionally, there is a seasonal aspect to the effect of sunlight on dopamine, as individuals often experience elevated mood during spring and summer months when light exposure is increased 4. Regular morning sunlight exposure is found to be fundamental in maintaining elevated levels of baseline dopamine 2.