Tannins

Tannins are plant compounds known for their astringent properties, commonly found in foods like berries, nuts, and wine. They play a role in plant defense by inhibiting the absorption of nutrients, which can lead to decreased protein availability when consumed in large amounts. This effect is due to their ability to complex with proteins and inhibit digestive enzymes, potentially affecting human health by reducing nutrient absorption 1 2.

Though often perceived as anti-nutrients, tannins also offer some health benefits. They are known to improve oxidative stress and inflammation, support blood pressure and circulation, and possess antimicrobial properties against various pathogens 3. However, their exact role in human nutrition is debated, with some experts suggesting limited benefits when compared to their potential negative effects 4.

In consumption, tannins contribute to the flavor profile of foods and beverages like coffee and tea by imparting a drying, puckering sensation. They are prominent in red wines, where they come from the skins and seeds of grapes, influencing both flavor and texture 5.