How do headphones affect the brain?

Headphones impact the brain by creating a perception that sounds originate from within the head rather than from the external environment. Andrew Huberman explains that when using headphones, particularly noise-canceling ones, the brain processes these sounds differently than it would sound coming from outside sources. This effect can also increase the baseline release of dopamine, raising levels of alertness and motivation, which are beneficial for learning or focusing on tasks 1 .

Additionally, using low levels of white noise through headphones can put the brain into a state conducive to learning by engaging areas associated with attention, focus, cognition, and memory 2 .

However, long-term exposure to loud or continuous noise through headphones can potentially cause damage to the auditory system. There is evidence that in young children, it could impair auditory and language processing. Hence, it's advisable to use such auditory stimulation cautiously and moderately 3 .