What is methylation?

Methylation is a biochemical process critical for numerous bodily functions, involving the transfer of a methyl group (one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms) from one molecule to another. This transfer affects various metabolic pathways and gene expression, influencing everything from detoxification to neurotransmitter production.

Key Points on Methylation:

• Basic Chemistry: A methyl group, consisting of one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogens, is transferred onto different compounds in the body to alter their function.
• Gene Regulation: Methylation of DNA can impact gene activity. When methyl groups accumulate on the promoter region of a gene (termed hypermethylation), it usually blocks gene transcription, effectively switching the gene off. Conversely, hypomethylation (fewer methyl groups) can activate gene expression 1 2.
• Functional Importance: This process impacts various biological functions, including the production of neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin to melatonin), detoxification, and antioxidation 3 4.

  Methylation Mechanics

  Kara Fitzgerald

  Jeff Krasno

  Methylation plays a crucial role in gene expression, with a simple carbon and hydrogen molecule influencing DNA behavior. When methyl groups, depicted as red lollipops, accumulate on the promoter region of DNA, they inhibit transcription, leading to hypermethylation. Conversely, a lack of these groups allows genes to be activated, highlighting the delicate balance of methylation in cellular function.

  

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  359. The Younger You Method with Dr. Kara Fitzgerald

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• Health Implications: Proper methylation is essential for maintaining health. Disruptions in this process can lead to issues such as increased susceptibility to inflammation, depression, and other health conditions 5 4.

Overall, methylation is an ongoing, vital biochemical reaction that sustains numerous physiological processes, illustrating the complex interplay between genetics and health.