What are epinephrine and adrenaline?

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the body's response to stress or danger. It increases energy levels by activating neural circuits, leading to heightened alertness and preparedness for physical activity. Epinephrine is produced in the adrenal glands, situated above the kidneys, and also in the brain in a region called the locus coeruleus. This dual system ensures that both the body and brain can respond rapidly to stressors with effects like increased heart rate, expanded air passages, and heightened alertness 1 2.

Adrenaline facilitates the body's "fight-or-flight" response, rapidly preparing it to face or escape threats. In the process, it enhances several physiological functions like accelerating heart rate, increasing blood pressure, and expanding the air passages 2.

Thus, epinephrine/adrenaline plays a crucial role in managing stress responses, boosting physical performance, and ensuring survival during acute stress or danger.