How do exogenous ketones work?

Exogenous ketones work by elevating the levels of ketone bodies in the blood, mimicking the effects of fasting or a ketogenic diet. This can provide an alternative fuel source for the brain and other tissues when glucose is less available. Dr. Dominic D'Agostino explains that exogenous ketones are calorie-containing molecules that can replicate many effects of the ketogenic diet, including neuroprotective benefits 1.

Exogenous ketones come in different forms, such as ketone salts and ketone esters. The type and formulation of the ketone supplement can affect how quickly and how long ketone levels are elevated in the blood. For example, combining ketone salts with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) can delay gastric absorption and extend the duration of ketosis 1 2.

Ketone supplements can also influence insulin levels and metabolic responses. Consuming a large dose of a ketone ester on an empty stomach can cause a rapid spike in ketone levels, leading to an insulin release and potentially suppressing natural ketone production 3. Thus, it’s important to consider not only the type of exogenous ketone but also how it is administered and combined with other nutrients.