Origins of Protocells

The formation of protocells begins with simple organic molecules near hydrothermal vents, where energy and nutrients catalyze the creation of complex monomers. Some of these monomers evolve into self-replicating polymers, potentially RNA, which can take in necessary nutrients while remaining enclosed within spontaneously formed phospholipid membranes. This environment fosters a unique system where replication and nutrient absorption coexist, hinting at the early stages of life.