Economic Realities of Peasants

The cost of transporting grain reveals the economic challenges faced by ancient societies, where moving goods overland was far more expensive than shipping by sea. Most people lived in isolated, local worlds, with a significant majority engaged in subsistence agriculture, producing just enough to survive while contributing to a small economy. By the end of the Middle Ages, a slight increase in urbanization saw about 15-20% of the population working outside of agriculture, yet the vast majority remained tied to the land.