Second Industrial Revolution

The unification of Italy and Germany around 1870 catalyzed larger markets, paving the way for the second industrial revolution. This era, spanning from 1870 to 1918, saw significant advancements in chemistry, electricity, and telecommunications, with countries like Germany emerging as industrial powerhouses. Innovations such as the steam turbine and the automobile transformed industries, while the establishment of efficient factories marked a shift from the textile-focused first industrial revolution.