Ribosomes and ER

Ribosomes play a crucial role in protein synthesis by using RNA from the nucleus as a template. The endoplasmic reticulum, a complex network of membranes, assists in this process by providing an environment for proteins to fold and directing them to their destinations within the cell. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough, which is studded with ribosomes, and smooth, which has various functions including lipid synthesis and detoxification.