Thermodynamics Explained

A refrigerator operates by transferring heat from a cold to a hot region, but it cannot achieve 100% efficiency, as work must be done to facilitate this process. Heat engines, like power plants, also cannot convert all heat into work due to the second law of thermodynamics, which necessitates heat exhaust. The third law introduces the concept of absolute zero, the theoretical lowest temperature, which can be approached but never fully reached, highlighting the limits of energy removal in any system.