German Pessimism Pre-1914

The mood in Germany before 1914 is characterized by a deep sense of pessimism and melancholy, as reflected in the thoughts of the chancellor and his aides. While there are military plans, including the Schlieffen Plan to confront France first, the prevailing sentiment is one of gloom and uncertainty about the future, particularly regarding the rising threat of Russia. The complexities of warfare have turned strategies into intellectual exercises, but the atmosphere remains heavy with fatalism.